The Effects Of Music On The Brain - 2152 Words

The experiment was conducted to see if certain types of music have different effects on the brain and to see if music has a positive or negative effect. To test the experiment three different types of music were played and the control was no music. Pop, rock and classical music was used. The results were that pop was the most beneficial and rock and classical were the same. No music was the least beneficial. Introduction Many studies have proven that classical music improves your ability to solve arithmetical problems but research now shows that music you enjoy has an equal if not greater effect when using your brain (emedexpert). This paper will prove or disprove the question that different types of music have different effects on†¦show more content†¦This would help our society because our community would produce children who were more prepared for a higher education because of music’s ability to enhance one’s ability to perform well in school. The informati on that was received will attempt to find out if different types of music have different effects on the brain and if yes what type is the most beneficial. The hypothesis created based off of the design of the experiment was that if a test subject listens to rock, classical and pop music while solving a math worksheet, then the subject will do the worksheet the fastest and most accurate while listening to the classical music because it is very relaxing, more so than the rock, and activates your brain to focus more rather than no music, and is not as busy and attention drawing as the pop music. Methods For this experiment the following materials were needed to gather the most accurate information: †¢ Math worksheets †¢ Pencil †¢ Stop watch †¢ Phone †¢ Headphones/speaker †¢ Music: Rock, Pop, Classical †¢ Ten participants 40 Math worksheets are needed to conduct this experiment with ten participants. Each worksheet has twelve problems in each row and each row is alternating between addition and subtraction. The pencils are needed because the participants need something to wright with. Each time the test is taken the participant have 30Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music On The Brain1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe human brain is said to be a very special and important organ in the human body, but what happens to it when it comes in contact with music. There are many studies on what music can do to the brain. There are negative and positive affects of music on the brain. The positive effects of music on the brain are numerous and expansive, with a heavy emphasis on focused concentration. Usually people can interpret faces based on how they feel, but with the help of music humans can see neutral faces differentlyRead MoreMusic Effect On The Brain896 Words   |  4 PagesMusic affects the brain in many different ways. What would our world be like without music? Music has a direct path to our brain. It is a very big part of our daily lives. Everywhere a person goes, they hear music. Music affects chemicals in the brain that affect our emotions. Different types of music affect the brain differently. Music can be used in therapy to help a person with emotional problems. Music is even part of every country on earth. Humans are a musical species. Music has a majorRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On The Brain2402 Words   |  10 PagesMusic has a positive affect on mood and behavior through listening to lyrics of music, music therapy, and influence of music. Music has been around for many years, as far back as cavemen. Most Don t know but music has more of a purpose than just mere entertainment. Music is used in many cases as a therapy to help heal people. Music affects many different parts of the brain in a positive way. Music is also used to express pain and sorrow or other emotions and in many cases magnifies the feelingsRead MoreMusic s Effect On The Brain1027 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 10H 4-21-15 Music’s Effect on the Brain The effect of music on the human brain may have much stronger powers than one might think. Music can directly improve brain functioning depending on the musical genre. Some studies show, music whether listening or playing, is able to improve the ability to process speech, evoke different emotions, stifle sound when concentrating, and help heal ill patients with cancer or memory disorders (Gholipour). Thats not all, also music can boost reaction timeRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Brain And Body1638 Words   |  7 PagesVarious studies have shown different effects of music on the brain and body. According to the results of a study published in Neuroscience Letters, listening to a piece of music interpreted as happy or sad can make a person perceive a neutral face as either happy or sad. PET scans have been performed on a variety of people, some scans focusing on a person’s brain activity while listening to a piece of music, and some scans focusing on a person†™s brain activity while playing a musical instrument.Read MoreThe Effects of Music on Our Brain779 Words   |  3 PagesMusic has been apart of society for thousands of years and an outlet for peoples stress and other problems they may be facing. It helps the brain function and understand conditions better by breaking it down and trying to comprehend it. Music has made and is still making an impact on the lives of people all around the world. Because of its impact on peoples lives neuroscientist wanted to get to the source and have been looking at the brain to determine the exact effects of music and they can nowRead MoreThe Effect Of Music On The Brain And Its Functions2051 Words   |  9 Pageswill discuss the different ways in which music can affect the brain and its functions. Firstly, the effects that music can have in a school environment will be discussed and how they can affect the school environment. A correlation between musical knowledge and different aspects of learn ing will be made, while also discussing the importance of the concrete operational mental phase that the brain goes through. Following that, the connection between reading music and reading books in school will be shownRead MoreHow Music Has An Effect On The Human Brain1561 Words   |  7 PagesDonald A. Hodges and Robin W. Wilkins, two professors of music education at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro have done research and wrote about their findings as it relates to how and why music has an effect on the human brain, in an article entitled How and Why Does Music Move Us?: Answers from Psychology and Neuroscience. In the article they go over the technique used to examine the brain’s interconnectivity as people listen to music. This technique is called Network Science. They writeRead MoreMusic Therapy and Its Positive Effects on the Brain Essay1797 Words   |  8 Pagesequipment and treatment, using music to connect to patients is still a reliable practice. Thr oughout the history of healing practices, music has been used as a remedy. Music is so groundbreaking in the fact that it actually has the ability to affect human beings in so many ways. Music is a huge advantage in a treatment plan as it is calming, strengthening and it can be used for both the physically and mentally ill. To start, the American Music Therapy Association defines Music Therapy as, â€Å"the clinicalRead More Does Classical Music Have an Effect on Infants Brain Development?1857 Words   |  8 PagesDoes Classical Music Have an Effect on Infants Brain Development? In 1998, Zell Miller, the governor of the state of Georgia, started a new program that distributed free CDs with classical music to the parents of every newborn baby in Georgia. Why did he do this? He certainly was not just trying to be nice and win a political statement; instead, his idea came from a new line of research showing a link between listening to classical music and enhanced brain development in infants. (1) So

Essay Odyssey - 694 Words

The Odyssey is an epic composed by Homer, an early Greek storyteller. This epic was the basis for Greek and Roman education. Epics are long poems marked by adventure. The main character in an epic is an epic hero. The epic hero is a figure of great stature and may be a character from history or legend. Epic heroes’ most remarkable traits are usually the ones most valued by the society from which the epic came. The main character in this epic is Odysseus. Odysseus is on a quest to find his home after a war. Odysseus is an epic hero. An epic hero exhibits great leadership qualities. One of these qualities is having aplomb in critical times. This is exemplified when Odysseus is trapped in the cave of the Cyclops, a giant one-eyed†¦show more content†¦In one particular instance, he uses his ingenuity to trick the Cyclops. He tricks the Cyclops by telling the Cyclops that his name is â€Å"Nohbdy.† After Odysseus pops the eye of the Cyclops, the other Cyclopes arrive. The Cyclops says to the Cyclopes: â€Å"Nohbdy’s tricked me, Nohbdy’s ruined me.† The Cyclopes reply: â€Å"Ah well, if nobody has played you foul there in your lonely bed, we are no use in pain given by the great Zeus.† Odysseus’ cleverness helped him evade the fate that would have befallen him if the other Cyclopes caught him. One more leadership quality possessed by Odysseus is wisdom. Odysseus’ wisdom is displayed when Odysseus conquers the town of Ismarus. Odysseus says: â€Å"I told them ‘Back, and quickly! Out to sea again!’ My men were mutinous fools, on stores of wine †¦ -while fugitives went inland running to call arms to the main forces of the Cicones.† Odysseus is wise enough to realize that the enemy would slaughter him and his men if they stayed. His wisdom is also evident when he landed on the where the Lotus-Eaters live. The Lotus-Eaters are people whose only concern is to eat an addicting plant called the lotus. If one happens to eat the lotus, one becomes obsessed with browsing on the lotus. Odysseus does not send the entire crew out to this land; he sends small party of men to explore the land. When they do not return, Odysseus realizes something detrimental to their journey is on the land. In this example, Odysseus’ wisdom saves the menShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey739 Words   |  3 PagesIn Greek Mythology, women were either very fierce or very weak. Women were usually defined by wits, beauty, or bad deeds. In The Odyssey women were not in the background. On the contrary, women were powerful. They charmed and controlled men, provided wisdom, and took care of them. The Odyssey appears to be strongly female based. Penelope is the wife of Odysseus who is the king of Ithaca. When Odysseus is called off to the Trojan War Penelope shows great faithfulness and wit. She stays faithfulRead MoreThe Odyssey1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe Odyssey In Homer’s epic, The Odyssey, each culture treats strangers and guests with distinct differences from every other culture. One of the most hospitable cultures was that of the ancient Greeks, exemplified in Homer s The Odyssey by both gracious hosts and guests. In Greece and The Odyssey, not only was good hospitality etiquette expected, but the added pressure that if they didn’t treat their guests with respect the gods would punish them further compelled excellent manners. The OdysseyRead MoreThe Odyssey1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey has captured minds for over 2700 years, and the story of Odysseus shows his determination to fight and conquer obstacles with and without the help of the Gods. The story dates back before 1000B.c. (The Modern Library, 1950, p.VI) His creative and cunning tactics throughout the story show his determination to reach his homeland of Ithaca. After conquering the Trojan War, Odysseus was told by Poseidon â€Å"man is nothing without the gods†. Poseidon felt Odysseus was not thankful for Poseidon’sRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pages8th century, The Odyssey, is Homer s epic of Odysseus 10-year struggle to return home after the Trojan War. Odysseus defining character traits, such as nobility, courage, thirst for the glory and the appealing confidence in his authority dominated the storyline throughout. The many themes of this epic mainly focus around the Greek hero Odysseus however in my essay I will attempt to analyze hospitality. Hospitality shaped an important part of social interactions in The Odyssey. Although Greek societyRead MoreOdyssey Death and Rebirth in the Odyssey1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey, by Homer, is a classical piece of Greek literature. Throughout The Odyssey, the Blind Bard makes use of many literary techniques in order to lend meaning to the poem beyond its existence as a work of historic fiction and aid his readers in the comprehension of the tale. One of these techniques is the use of motifs. A motif is a recurring theme that is used throughout the work. In The Odyssey, Homer makes use of many motifs including eating/drinking, Odysseus sRead MoreThe Odyssey1006 Words   |  5 PagesThe Odyssey, one of the most well known epic stories Introduces Odysseus, the King of Ithaca. This story demonstrates Odysseus’s physical and intellectual strength. Striving to return home after 20 years of his treacherous journey, he uses strength, skill, and superior ability to overcome his troubles. Although he faced numerous obstacles and fought many battles, he made it appoint to get home to his kingdom through his physical ability, intellectual insight, and overcoming his epic flaw. InRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey1267 Words   |  6 PagesLife in The Odyssey In The Odyssey, Odysseus is constantly being challenged. He is being challenged, so Homer can show us the standards for life in The Odyssey. There is no doubt that Odysseus is a great man, Homer even says so in the beginning lines of the text. Although Odysseus is a great man, he also makes mistakes but not any that he doesn t pay for. We learn the representation of life in The Odyssey through Odysseus challenges. Throughout the book, Odysseus specifically struggles with arroganceRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey1667 Words   |  7 Pages During, Homer’s, The Odyssey many strengths were tested throughout the entire book. This book was a mythological Greek folk tale that was created between the eleventh and eighth century B.C, therefore it is filled with many exaggerated stories about the Gods and treacherous adventures Odysseus had ventured on. He encounters a cyclops and after battles a six-headed monster. His crew discovers their talent for making mistakes such as b eing turned into pigs by Circe and letting strong winds out ofRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey848 Words   |  4 Pagesin their way. This is not a new thought; however, even the Greeks before Christ felt this way. In Homer’s Odyssey, many of the characters express the troubles that the gods have caused them, and the gods argue the exact opposite. The gods claim, â€Å"Mortals! They are always blaming the gods for their troubles when their own witlessness causes them more than they were destined for.† The Odyssey demonstrates that humans and not the gods are responsible for their own strife. Odysseus exemplifies how menRead MoreHomer s Odyssey : The Odyssey1236 Words   |  5 Pagesextend his journey in The Odyssey by several years. Homer constructs Odysseus by attributing both godly and human characteristics to him, allowing readers to admire him while simultaneously relating to him. The combination of these revered traits coined Odysseus as being an omnicompetent man, polumetis, in the eyes of the Mycenaean’s and in the eyes of most modern day readers. This shows that the popularity of Odysseus transcends time; however, modern interpretations of The Odyssey in cinematic productions

Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques Free Essays

Robbie Schwartz 3/12/13 English 1H Tim Burton uses many cinematic techniques in his movies such as lighting and camera angles throughout his movies in order to create effects and moods. Cinematic techniques He uses both lighting and camera angles in Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory numerous times. He uses them very effectively to portray different ideas such as showing strengths, weaknesses, or size in a character or setting, or revealing a depressing or cheerful surrounding. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tim Burton is a successful film maker and has inspired many to get into the movie making business due to his cinematic techniques. In many of his films, Tim Burton uses lighting successfully to show happiness or sadness. He is known for having very low key beginning credits. Low key lighting can be used to show a sad, mysterious or scary environment. For example, the beginning credits of the movies Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands are very dark cloudy scenes. They both have a solid black background and obscure objects appearing. Also, Burton used lighting perfectly in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory when the lucky children who obtain the golden tickets enter the huge room where the chocolate was made. It is a bright and colorful room filled with tasty goods. High key lighting is used to create a happy, exciting, or fun atmosphere. The lighting on the kids faces as they walk in the factory was very high key because they were bright and full of joy. Burton also uses a high key effect on the town in Edward Scissorhands; it is filled with brightly painted houses with beautifully cut bushes. Also the clothes that people wear in Edward Scissorhands are very brightly colored because people would wear a single colored outfit of much color. As a result, lighting is used effectively throughout his movies to show different effects. Camera angles were very important in the films Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the movie, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory the scene of Willy Wonka walking in the jungle is a great example of camera angles. As the big bug zeroes in on Wonka, a low angle camera is used to show the bug is big and strong. Then, it cut to Wonka with a high angle shot showing he is helpless and small. After Wonka successfully kills the bug, it gives him a low angle shot showing he is the victor and that he is more powerful. In Edward Scissorhands, low angle shots are used many times while Edward is cutting things. For example, while Edward is constructing his first ice sculpture in Kims lawn the camera is low angle and makes him look very powerful while he sculpts the big angel. It makes him seem as if he is on top of the world and can do anything. There are also low angle shots while he cuts all of the housewives hair. There is a very effective long shot in the beginning of the movie while Peg strolls into Edwards house, when she finally gets into Edwards room there is a long shot which shows how big the house actually is by making Peg look very short due to the height of the ceiling. As a result, Tim Burton uses low angle, high angle, and long shots to represent strength, weakness, and to show a large scene and many things occurring at once. Tim Burton is a very skilled film maker who uses many cinematic techniques to make his movies enjoyable to watch. He efficiently uses lighting and camera angles in two of his major pieces, Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He uses these two techniques very well and a handful of others that make his movies very well known and watched by many people. In conclusion, Tim Burton is able to use cinematic techniques an important part of his movies by using lighting and camera angles. How to cite Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques, Papers

Ethnic group free essay sample

An example of a  secessionist minority  would be a. Native Americans. b. the Amish. c. Irish Catholics. d. Italian Americans. 2. The pattern of grandchildren of immigrants increasing their interest in their ethnicity is called a. ethnic pluralism. b. the principle of third generation interest. c. ancestor worship. d. the theory of bicultural immersion. 3. What is the  ethnicity paradox? a. The emphasis on ethnic foods and ethnically associated political associations instead of deeper ties. b. The maintenance of one’s ethnic ties in a way that can assist with one’s assimilation in larger society. c. The belief that one’s own culture is not as good as the dominant culture in society. d. The social acceptance of prejudice toward White ethnics. 4. Members of which White ethnic group were placed in an internment camp in Montana during WWII? a. Japanese b. Italians c. Jews d. Irish 5. Which two White ethnic groups found, upon immigrating to America, that their shared religion did not trump their cultural differences, to such a degree that clergy were imported from Europe? . We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnic group or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Germans and Irish b. Irish and Italians c. Jews and Italians d. Germans and Poles 6. Which of the following would NOT be considered a White ethnic group? a. Jews b. Italians c. Chinese d. Swedes 7. The 1962 Supreme Court decision  Engel v. Vitale  ruled which of the following unconstitutional? a. Christmas displays in public schools b. school prayer c. certain religious activities in schools d. teaching creationism 8. A large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government is known as   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a. n ecclesia. b. a denomination. c. a cult. d. a sect. 9. Which of the following faiths has the largest membership in the United States? a. the Roman Catholic Church b. Jewish congregations c. Southern Baptist Convention d. the United Methodist Church 10. Civil religion  describes a. governments run by the church. b. belief systems incorporating many religions, but no single one. c. courts restricting religious freedom. d. New Age faiths

College Tips That Will Actually Boost Your Academic Success

Academic success is often associated with immense dedication and hard work. Hard work is admirable, but there is more to it: The truly successful people are those who know how to work smart. Here, at Custom-writing.org, we’ve put together all the advice and techniques you’ll need to take your studying game to a new level and boost your academic performance. Tips for picking the right classes. College is different from high school in many, many ways. One such immediately recognizable difference is that college students get to choose their own class schedule. The nuances vary among institutions around the world, but most universities require only a few core classes for their matriculates, leaving the choice of electives up to the students themselves. Though this newfound independence is exciting, it can also be intimidating if you don’t know where to begin. Signing up for courses with more enthusiasm than prior knowledge and planning can turn into a complete disaster a couple weeks into the semester.

How to Use a Rock Tumbler to Polish Jewelry

How to Use a Rock Tumbler to Polish Jewelry You can use a rotary tumbler (rock tumbler) to polish jewelry and to remove burrs from jump rings or other metal components. The rock tumbler works much like ocean waves, rubbing metal pieces against each other to dislodge grime and oxidation and smooth sharp edges. Jewelry Tumbler Materials List You only need a few simple items to turn a rock tumbler into a jewelry tumbler: Small rotary tumbler and barrel.Soap (not detergent). Ivory soap flakes are recommended.Polished steel shot. You want enough to fill the barrel about halfway. Jewelry Polishing Procedure Pour the shot into a clean barrel to about the halfway mark.Add enough water to cover the shot plus about 3/4 inch.Add a tablespoon of soap flakes.Load the jewelry and/or components into the barrel. You want them to be able to tumble, so pack them loosely.Seal the barrel and let the tumbler rotate for 6-8 hours.When the pieces are sufficiently polished, remove them from the tumbler and rinse them well with water. Helpful Tips Keep your steel shot covered with soap and water. All it takes is a few hours exposed to air for the shot to develop rust.Dont polish more than one chain at a time unless you derive pleasure from untangling some serious knots. You can add other jewelry in with a chain (earrings, rings, components), just dont polish chains together.If you use the same barrel for jewelry as you use to polish rocks, make certain that the barrel is absolutely clean. Otherwise, you may find yourself scratching your jewelry rather than polishing it!Remove chemical antiquing before polishing. Otherwise, a chemical reaction can cause green deposits to coat nooks and crannies.Use extreme care if you are polishing plated or filled components (e.g., silver-plated or gold-filled). You run the risk of wearing or chipping the outer layer of metal.Dont tumble components with stones, as they can become scratched or dislodged from their settings.

Data mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data mining - Essay Example The predictive model work measures predictive scores based on the company’s data (Han et al, 2011). The predictive scores produced by the predictive analytics helps to increase the customer responses during the strategized marketing campaigns. The predictive score also helps in increasing the conversions and clicks, which in turn, help in decreasing the associated churns. Associations discovery in products sold to customers The dynamism of the market has led to the influence on the way the business interacts with their customers. The contemporary market bears no guarantee for the loyalty of a customer. This situation has led to the use of data mining in allowing for associations discovery on the goods sold to the customers. Association discovery consist of rules that use an antecedent (if) and a consequent (then) which represent items associated to the obtained customer’s data (Vaidya et al, 2006). The â€Å"if† is found in the data while â€Å"then† repre sent an item, which is in integration with the antecedent. The association rules works through analysing the if/then patterns yielded by the customers. The organization then records the patterns to help in identifying the most important relationships. The criteria used involve marking a either pattern as â€Å"support† or â€Å"confidence†. These criteria are important in studying the behavior of the consumer towards the products of any given organization. The association rules can be applicable in product clustering, catalog design and store layout (Han et al, 2011). Web mining to discover business intelligence from Web customers Web mining is an important application for data mining helping to study the web patterns. This application is important to organizations, which would like to discover then behavior of the web customers. Web mining works through gathering information from the websites using the traditional data mining whereby there is integration of data obtai ned from the interaction of the potential customers around the web. Web mining presents the business community with the ability to apply intelligent marketing strategies because of the knowledge about the customers. It helps the business to establish a close relationship with the website customers because of the satisfactory analysis on the market. Clustering to find related customer information Clustering in data mining is an important activity for businesses, which helps the latter to find various customers with similar taste to each other. It works through clustering data objects having same attributes concerning the market trend. Through clustering, the firms are able to select high-quality clusters that have low inter-cluster similarity and high intra-cluster similarity. This means that the more similarity between members of a cluster than to a member of another cluster. The process of selecting the clusters in the market is useful in situations where there are many cases with no grouping. The use of clustering algorithms helps in finding the natural groupings. QUESTION 2 Reliability of data mining algorithms The data mining algorithm reliability can be accessed through analysing how they create the data models from a given data. The algorithms are reliable because of the study of specific trends about a given data. The obtained result about the trend helps in identifying the optimal parameters required for the creation of data mining models. The presented optimal parameters helps in deducting appropriate patterns and statistics required for the given

Find the thesis analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Find the thesis analysis - Essay Example Hence, society recognizes man by his power of promise to others and woman’s presence signifies how and in what manner she should be handled. Her actions are mere reflection of her presence and she has been brought up to evaluate them for the sake of man. Thus, she is an artiste and a spectator of her actions. Therefore, her existence is replaced by her presence in case of appreciation only. ‘The surveyor of woman in herself is male: the surveyed female. Thus she turns herself into an object – and most particularly an object of vision: a sight.’ (p. 47). To summarize it, a woman’s actions represent her being and a man’s actions represent his expression. Throughout history, women have been the main theme of art. Artists of different eras, concentrated on women being viewed from various perspectives and diverse surveyors. The subject of nude paintings had its social connotation. Hence, social connotation of any piece of art was and still is; vitally considerable. Traditional nude oil painting period focused its subject towards nude image of a woman hence; these paintings were aimed for the pleasure of gaze. Although, these paintings seem modest in contemporary society, but similarity to them in artistic photographs of present day, cannot be overlooked. The common theme of secular painting era remained the same. ‘the subject (a woman ) is aware of being seen by a spectator’ (p.49). Thus, nude women were painted in a single moment depiction during renaissance. Moment of shame was the manifested theme. The traditional European nude paintings showed how women have been seen and judged. The foremost Adam and Eve, Susannah and the elders, Tintoretto and Susannah, woman looking at her nakedness, are all perfect examples of gaze for pleasure. However, Judgment of Paris introduced a new concept of beauty competency after assessing nude women. Berger has also described that nude art represents social and

Pilot Fatigue and Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pilot Fatigue and Stress - Essay Example In order to reduce the impacts of these problems, an Aviation Safety Program is developed from the perspective of an airline operator, with a great emphasis on how to successfully implement the safety program. The discussion about pilot fatigue and stress is as old as aviation itself. This problem has been given a serious consideration because of the monumental destruction it could cause. Some of the deadly plane crashes recorded in the history of aviation were as a result of the pilots losing concentration on their jobs, which is one of the characteristics of pilot fatigue and stress (Ragan 33). Therefore, to save lives and protect their businesses, airline operators have been working hard to fashion out an efficient safety strategy that would give confidence to their airlines in the eyes of the passengers (Ragan 21). Many studies have been carried out and different safety programs have been implemented. But the question still remains: what is the best approach to completely curb the menace of pilot fatigue and stress? Hawkins (49) analyzed three main kinds of pilot fatigue and stress: though they appear not separable from one another, since it is practically difficult to identify which of the fatigue is currently affecting a pilot’s performance at a particular period. These are muscular, mental and skill fatigue. As its name implied, muscular fatigue arises from over-exertion of physical power, which might cause serious pain in both arms’ and legs’ muscles. But this kind of fatigue could easily be cured by taking some rest or/and by application of balm. Mental fatigue occurs as a result of mental stress from to much brainstorming and exhaustion, while skill fatigue is defined as a gradual decline in performance owning to the pressure from a work that constantly requires concentration and high level of skill (Hawkins 49). If not handled properly, both mental and skill fatigue could lead to nervous breakdown; and

How does culture influence international business

How does culture influence international business How does culture influence international business As a result of the globalization, the increasingly close interaction between firms which are from different cultures has been booming. Therefore, culture, which is manifest in behavioral norms, hidden assumptions, and human nature, each occurring at a different level of depth, has profound influences on international business. (Kilmann, Sfixton, Serpa 1986) Under this circumstance, in order to negotiate and deal with foreign partners more efficiently, and to enter new markets successfully as well, we should explore the exotic cultures and in what manners those magical cultures will affect the way we trade Generally speaking, culture is consisted of language, religion, social institutions, political systems and philosophy, economic systems, education, and symbols. (Johnson, Turner 2010: 307) So, when talking about the influences of culture on international business, these aspects should be taken into account, especially the impacts from language, history, religion, and social institution, which can reflect the habits, attitudes, beliefs of the society. With the analysis of these three aspects, the great impacts of culture on international trade will be clear. To begin with, language is one of the most significant factors that have impacts on international business, since language is the crucial medium for business partners to communicate with each other and understand their ideas. During the frequent global trade and commerce, the exchange of language is necessary, which has great effect on international trades. There are some taboo words and idioms in every language, which are likely to cause problems. For instance, some specific numbers are treated differently in different areas. The number 3 enjoys both praise and abuse alike. In Monaco, people like this number very much because they believe it will bring them prosperity. The Hong Kong people like this number, too, because in Cantonese, 3 is homophonic with promotion. But the Europeans generally consider it ominous. 4 is commonly disliked by people in Japan, Hong Kong and China, because it means death. So, code-switching is very vital in international business, especially in terms of t he interaction with partners and customers and advertisement. Lets take Microsoft Word as an example. At first glance, Word is simply a software package rather than an advertisement. However, the languages available in the programme are part of Microsoft marketing discourse, and also make statements about how the brand wants to be perceived. As part of its localization strategy, Word offers a great variety of Englishes, from Australia to Zimbabwean. One such variety offered is an Irish-English language option and dictionary. Microsoft dose provide a comprehensive language option in Irish, but a dictionary of Irish-English, prepared with a genuine understanding of the everyday mixed-up sociolinguistic context of that variety, should include these and other examples. (Kelly-Holmes 2008: 185) Here Microsoft is a typical good model of code-mixing, which not only provide convenience for customers, but expand it consumer base as well as attain international reputation. Then, as a significant role in global trade, religious factor cant be ignored, especially for those states ruled by religious authority, since religion lays down a set of fundamental principles and values which govern the behaviour and life of its adherents. (Johnson, Turner 2010: 308) Religious beliefs can influence trading behavior in mainly two ways. First, sharing the same religious belief often implies sharing similar values. A common religion may therefore enhance trust between trading partners and reduce transaction costs, increasing the trade volume between traders of the same religion should be higher than trade between different religions. Second, each religion has its own ethical standpoint towards the activity of trading. (Helble 2007) The impacts of religion on can be indicated in individuals material life and their attitudes toward purchasing and using merchandise and services. Sometimes religious traditions even prohibit the use of certain goods and services altogether , like Islam forbids the eating of pork and Hindus do not consume beef. Therefore, when Macdonald entered Muslim countries, it has changed its menu to get used to their specific religious practices. The hamburgers (and all food items for that matter) must be Halal, and in fact, they do not call the burgers hamburgers as such, instead they call them beef burgers so as to make it clear that there is no ham in them. (The Travel Almanac n.d) So taboos and preferences have to be explored before entering a religious society and trade with partners who are religious believers. Thirdly, history is a mirror of a society, which can indicate the establishment and development about economic and political form of a country. Whereas in developing economics foreign brands have status value, when countries develop, people tend to focus more on their historical national preferences. For instance, in the early 1990s anything Western sold in Russia, but since 1996 international companies such Coca-Cola and Nestlà © have been localizing their messages in Russia. As Russians have become more nationalistic, producers have tried to make their products more relevant. (Mooij nd: 17) So historical characteristics should be considered during international business to make sure that your products and ways of negotiating are suitable to the countries of destination in terms of their habits, tastes, and values. Japanese businessmen may prefer keep on saying yes, yes. However, their yes doesnt mean their acceptance to the term is offered, but rather their understanding of what i s said. They keep on saying yes only for rites sake. Still worth mentioning there is that the Japanese have more trust in personal rapport than in business contracts. This presents a sharp contrast to the Americans. So when doing business with the Japanese, you should take time and pains to establish true personal rapport and friendships. Dont count too much on contracts; they are pieces of waste paper in the eyes of the Japanese once both sides are at odds. (Huang 2010: 2) From this example, it indicates that doing business with foreign countries has changed the traditional thinking patterns, and some successful companies have been adapted to particular coping styles according to different cultures. History is the best treasure, which explains the economic development of societies that have played a significant part in global trade, can help businessmen to learn the information of the habits and life styles of both partners and customers from destination countries. Finally, social institutions are defined as a complex of positions, roles, norms, and values lodged in particular types of social structures and organizing relatively stable patterns of human resources with respect to fundamental problems in sustaining viable societal structures within a given environment by Turner (1997). It is also considered that the very nature of social institutions that produce values or standards of good and bad can also encourage justifications of sanctioned behaviors.( Parboteeah, Hoegl, Cullen 2003) Lets take China as an example. China is a country with powerful social institutions, which affect Chinese business activities a lot. On the other hand, another important institution in China is the family and the mutual dependency of its members. Therefore, Chinese peoples behaviours and manners have influenced deeply by these aspects. In Chinese societies, such relationships are governed by what is termed guanxi, which is a bond between people, on the basis of which friends are expected to look after each others wellbeing. (Bargiela-Chiappini and Harris 1997: 42) The complexities of interpersonal relations bothered a large number of western businessmen, since most Chinese businessmen prefer to trade with friends or friends friends and relatives, who are thought to be more trustful due to the special guanxi between them. Therefore, as Lafayette De Mente states, a successful business relationship between Chinese companies begins with the establishment of a personal bond between the principal managers of the companies and is based particularly on the careful maintenance of these personal ties. (Bargiela-Chiappini and Harris 1997: 42) So, exploring the social institution of the destination countries is very useful for businessmen to trade in different societies efficiently. After the discussion of key determinants of culture, a famous study of cultural dimensions, which can provide a more clear view of the impacts of culture on international business, will be highlighted. Dimensions of cultural differences are very necessary for organizations especially those who operate internationally to understand and cope with such differences that can manifest themselves in terms of different standards, values and expectations in the various countries in which they operate. (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington 2008: 190) Here I have to mention one of the most effective studies of cultural dimensions, Hofstedes cultural dimensions, which are consisted of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and short/long-term orientation. To begin with, power distance discusses dependence relationships within countries and societies. The smaller the power distance is, the more dependency of subordinates on supervisors will be. Bargiela-Chiappini and Harris (1997) found that from Hofstedes research it is indicates that in Chinese societies, such as Hong Kong and Singapore, people tend to demonstrate greater deference towards those in power than they do in Western societies. Malaysia is an example of a high power distance culture and a majority of the websites reflected this cultural aspect; for instance companies hierarchy information and authority figures were the main features in communication media such that pictures of important people in the company were displayed clearly so that they could be effectively addressed and appropriately shown respect. Similarly, the main feature of the web pages was a photograph and statement by the Chancellor to the students. (Ahmed, Mouratidis, Preston 2009) Thus, when designing a w ebsite for a high power distance culture, we needs to pay attention to a conspicuous organizational chart that clearly describes and highlight the level of hierarchy in order to make people know the fundamental structure and chain of charge of the company. Therefore, in the high power distance countries and societies the management should be apprehensible and hierarchical, while in the opposite phenomenon, power should be delegated to the lower levels and individuals should be rewarded according to their performance rather than their place or job title. Secondly, uncertainty avoidance will be analysed, which is the extent to which individuals within a society are prepared to tolerate uncertainty in their lives. (Hofstede 1980: 153) In those cultures where uncertainty avoidance is high, the planning and assignments should be conducted in a more accurate and formal way so that staff can understand and pursue the assignments strictly, which is similar to the high power distance cultures. Hofstede (1991) suggested that in uncertainty societies there are many formal laws and informal rules controlling the rights and duties of employees and employers, while in countries with very weak uncertainty avoidance there rather seems to be an emotional horror of formsl rules. People in such societies pride themselves that many problems can be solved without formal rules. However, in the low uncertainty avoidance cultures, decisions making and planning can be in a more informal way, that individuals can be motivated to provide suggestions and make innovation. As Reimann, Là ¼nemann, and Chase (2008) thought, the importance of uncertainty avoidance in conjunction with service quality can be found at the macro level of economies as well as at the micro level of consumer behavior. From a macroeconomic standpoint, as services become increasingly important to modern economies (Metters, Marucheck 2007), high uncertainty avoidance may hinder a service business actually being started and, thus, slow down the exploitation of new economic opportunities, especially in the service sector (Wennekers et al. 2003). On the level of consumer behavior, we agree with Wong (2004) that high uncertainty avoidance is likely to have a significant impact on repurchase intention because individuals with high uncertainty levels seek to minimize service defect potentials. Therefore, the uncertainty avoidance plays a very significant part in analyzing the purchase habits of targeting customers in order to meet their special needs. Thirdly, the individualism and collectivism are associated with who can get the priority, the individual or the group. In Hofstedes opinion (1991), employed persons in an individualist culture are expected to act according to their own interest, and work should be organized in such a way that this self-interest and the employers interest coincide, while in a collectivist culture an employer will hire a person who belongs to an in-group, which may not always coincide with his or her individual interest. Hofstede discovered that people in Western societies traditionally demonstrate a high degree of individualism, whereas in Chinese societies, people demonstrate a high level of collectivism. (Bargiela-Chiappini, Harris 1997: 39) In individualist societies, the relationship between employers and employees is primarily conceived as business traction, a calculative relationship between buyers and sellers on a labor market. On the contrary, in the collectivist mind only natural persons are worthy of trust, and via these persons their friends and colleagues, but not impersonal legal entities like a company. (Hofstede 1991: 64, 67) Therefore, when dealing with companies coming from individual societies, we should jump into the business and accomplish the deal efficiently, while, when doing business with companies coming from collectivism cultures, wed better build friendship with our partners to enhance the trust. Then, comes to masculinity and femininity, which relates to the approach to which people aim to reach their target. The masculinity societies are more ambitious, which pay great attention to achievements and obtaining properties, while feminine societies are more sensitive, which focus on life quality and public relations. Therefore these two kinds of societies are skilled in different types of industries. Industrially developed masculine cultures have a competitive advantage in manufacturing, especially in large production of big and heavy equipment and in bulk chemistry. Contrary to this, feminine cultures have a relative advantage in service industries like consulting and transport, customer-specified manufacturing, and high-yield agriculture and biochemistry, which are related to live matters. (Hofstede 1991: 95) Thus, masculine society gives us an impression of utilitarian and ambitious character, and feminine society provides us an impression of sensitive character. According t o some related experiments, it shows that masculine web documents rely heavily on facts, particularly numerical facts. Whereas most masculine documents rely on factual and numerical rhetoric signifiers, feminine documents tend to rely on intuition and feeling signifiers with a higher degree of flexibility and non-specificity (Zahedi, Van Pelt, Srite), which suggests that impersonal data is essential when we deal with masculine societies, however, when trading with feminine societies, we should pay attention to humanization and flexibility. Last but not least, long-term orientation focuses on distinguishing the difference in thinking styles between the Eastern and Western societies. In Yeung and Tungs opinion, members of East-Asian cultures such as Korea, Japan, China mainland, and Hong Kong tend to understand social interactions under the circumstance of the long-term. Their personal, social and business relationships are maintained and reinforced through continuous and long-term associations. On the contrary, in the West, social transactions of all types are more often seen as isolated occurrences. The objective of any transaction is to achieve optimal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢give and take in that particular transaction. An emphasis is placed on immediate gains from the interaction (Ryu, Cook 2005). Long term oriented traders aim to develop lifetime relations. Not only a transactions calculated pay-off counts; the resulting relation is of value by itself. Given the choice, a long term oriented trader would not neglect a pro posal from a known relation in order to make a one more attractive one time deal with a stranger. Short term oriented traders are not interested to develop long lasting relations. They want to make attractive deals as soon as possible. Their preferences in partner selection depend on other dimensions of culture, but they may be interested in doing business with high status partners to show off. (Hofstede, Jonker, Verwaart) However, culture is not static, and it changes due to some traumatic events and the change of peoples everyday life. It is known that traumatic events have been part of our mutual experience for years. In recent years, we have experienced the devastating effects of the terrorist attack world widely. Globally, the world has lived through the 2004 Tsunami in Asia and many other disasters. The traumatic experiences of war and drought have brought dramatic changes to patterns of sociocultural and family organization. Given human beings dependence on culture, its loss, or deprivation can become traumatic (Devereux, 1980; De Vries, 1996; Eisenbruch, 1991). These huge events have resulted in the undermining of the social safety, employed guarantees, and a crazy wave of patriotism, which influenced peoples attitudes and life styles. As Chaney (2002) stated, the uncertainties about how everyday life is changing are related to developments in a culture of mass entertainment and therefore disti nctive to modern era. In conclusion, culture with its great power that can create an unconscious matrix of ideas and images (Seel 2008) do have impacts on international business in a lot of aspects, like languages, religions, history, and social institutions, since every business function-managing a workforce, marketing output, purchasing supplies, dealing with regulators, securing funds-is subject to potential cultural problems. (Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan 2006: 75) On the other hand, culture change has been happened unconsciously due to the improvement of humans civilization and popular immigration, which spur business people to keep pace of the change of culture to learn the latest trend in destination countries or societies.

Elementary Education Observation Essay --

As I entered South County Elementary School Theresa Geis, the principal, was waiting for me so that she could introduce me to the first and fifth grade teachers. At first this seemed like a dream due to the fact that I had been to that same school for my early childhood observation. Knowles elementary has about 629 students and a total of 55 teachers (publicschoolreview.com). The students have different ethnic backgrounds that provide a culturally diverse student body. These ethnic groups include: 48% Hispanic, 40% White, % unknown, 5% African American, and 1% Asian (publicschoolreview.com). As I entered the first grade classroom of Mrs. Robinson I knew it was the classroom that I wanted to observe. The classroom had a warm feeling and Mrs. Robinson walked immediately up to me to introduce herself. The classroom was filled with posters, laughter, and little children trying to put away their backpacks and jackets in their lockers. The desks were laid out in groups and it could be seen that each of the students had a partner that they were going to work with throughout that day. As Mrs. Geis left I was able to sit and watch Mrs. Robinson begin to teach her classroom filled with excited first graders. Borich (2011) explains lesson clarity as, â€Å"The teacher’s ability to speak clearly and directly to the class and to organize and structure content at the students’ current level of understanding† (pg. 272). This means that how the teacher speaks and organizes their lesson content needs to be tailored to the students’ ability to retain the information. To be able to obtain lesson clarity there are three different dimensions that must be followed. These dimensions are informing learners of the objective, providing lear... ... statement from the beginning of the semester has not change except one little part. The change would be that I would add every moment, minute, and second in a classroom matters. It is through these observation I have set personal goals that will help me throughout the rest of my life. These goals are: 1. Finish my degree in Elementary Education a. Hopefully received my masters 2. Create a journal or a book about all the experiences I have had through observing and as a future teacher. (To turn back to when I am struggling or am trying to find an answer to a problem I might have) It will take me a few years to accomplish the goals that I have; however, I have now observed many teachers who have completed these goals. These teachers have given me hope and a sense of determination to finish my school so that I can start to make an impact in the world as well.